The two-year review period, 2022 – 2023, largely aligned with the Rutte IV cabinet’s tenure, formed after the longest post-World War II formation period (299 days). Nine months after the 17 March 2021 elections, and almost a year...

Like other OECD countries, New Zealand has been experiencing high inflation rates due in part to increased government spending during the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chain disruptions, near-full employment and geopolitical...

Norway is a consolidated multiparty democracy with a parliamentary constitution, where the rule of law guarantees undamental civil and political rights. Policymaking is transparent, and corruption is minimal.

In December 2023, Poland’s conservative government concluded its de facto eight-year rule, marking the end of a period characterized by profound systemic changes. These changes began with an unprecedented challenge to the state’s...

The period under review began with developments that gave rise to optimism in Portugal. First, the country entered 2022 as one of the most vaccinated nations in the world against COVID-19, with 83.5% of its population fully...

The period under review (January 15, 2022 – January 15, 2024) was marked by significant turbulence in the Slovak Republic. The performance of the OĽaNO government began to deteriorate in the summer of 2022 due to internal...

From January 2022 to January 2024, Slovenia experienced several significant political events. Regular elections to the National Assembly took place in April 2022, followed by presidential and local elections, as well as three...

In the past two years, Spain’s key economic data compared favorably with other EU member states. Economic growth and job creation were solid and stronger than expected in 2022 and 2023. Spain exhibited resilience in the face of...

The years 2022 and 2023 have been a period of dynamic change for Sweden, with sharp political shifts occurring against the backdrop of the armed conflict in Europe between Russia and Ukraine. This war severely upset the balance of...

Based on a careful international comparison, eminent Austrian-German political scientist Herbert Obinger (2023: 795) has argued that “Switzerland, more than almost any other country in the world, has realized the ideal of...