Publikationen

Situated in the center of Europe and bordered by Belgium, France and Germany, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a multilingual and cross-border area par excellence. In January 2021, the country’s population was 634,730 inhabitants, of whom 47.42% were foreigners of some 70...

The transition to a Turkish-style presidential system, which was justified as a means of stabilizing the political system, brought more harm than benefit. It has resulted in a weakening of the separation of powers, violations of civil and

political rights, a tight control...

In 2020 and 2021, Malta had to deal with a period of extensive upheaval, which included the coronavirus pandemic, the election of a new prime minister and extensive constitutional reform. As elsewhere, the pandemic impacted economic performance, healthcare resources and...

Democracy functions well, and governance is credible and transparent in Denmark. Public trust in government and public administration is high. Comparatively, Denmark stands out for its ability to combine strong economic performance (as measured by per capita income) with a...

Considering Mexico’s experience with military and corporatist autocratic rule, the country has made significant progress over the last three decades with regard to electoral competition and its overall regulatory environment, including market-oriented reforms. Economic and...

Bulgaria was witness to several unprecedented developments in 2021. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Bulgaria held one presidential election in November 2021 and three parliamentary elections (in April, July and November of the same year). The country failed, twice, to elect a...

Between July 2018 and December 2021, Czechia was governed by a minority coalition, including Prime Minister Andrej Babiš’s Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens (ANO) and the Social Democrats (ČSSD), and backed by the Communist Party (KSČM) until April 2021.

The Greek government was initially unprepared to face a crisis on the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, but ultimately reacted to it swiftly and effectively. Although it did not pursue large-scale testing among the population, it was able to effectively enforce two periods of...

Having suffered high infection and death rates as well as a deep economic contraction, the United Kingdom has faced several profound challenges due to the coronavirus pandemic. Some of this was due to factors largely beyond the control of the incumbent governments at...

Hungary was badly prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. The country’s crisis management system, healthcare system and education system were already in bad shape, and the Hungarian economy proved vulnerable to the pandemic as a result of its strong dependence on the car...