Publikationen

The period under review began with developments that gave rise to optimism in Portugal. First, the country entered 2022 as one of the most vaccinated nations in the world against COVID-19, with 83.5% of its population fully vaccinated by January 14, 2022. Second, Portugal...

A significant shift in sustainable governance occurred in Finland when Sanna Marin’s center-left government was replaced by Petteri Orpo’s right-wing government in June 2023. Marin’s government was known for placing a strong emphasis on ecological and social sustainability,...

The period under review (January 15, 2022 – January 15, 2024) was marked by significant turbulence in the Slovak Republic. The performance of the OĽaNO government began to deteriorate in the summer of 2022 due to internal conflicts within the ruling coalition, particularly...

France is an average country in Europe with respect to its sustainable governance performance. Despite the continuing rise of the extreme-right party National Rally and continuous debates about the leadership style of President Emmanuel Macron, democratic institutions are...

From January 2022 to January 2024, Slovenia experienced several significant political events. Regular elections to the National Assembly took place in April 2022, followed by presidential and local elections, as well as three nationwide referendums in the autumn. All these...

Germany’s political system is strengthened by robust and resilient democratic institutions. All public entities are effectively constrained by reliable checks and balances and adherence to the rule of law.

In the past two years, Spain’s key economic data compared favorably with other EU member states. Economic growth and job creation were solid and stronger than expected in 2022 and 2023. Spain exhibited resilience in the face of economic challenges, with energy costs and...

During the period under review, Greece’s political and economic landscape showed notable improvement. As the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic diminished, the economy experienced growth, largely driven by increased domestic consumption and a resurgence in tourism.

The years 2022 and 2023 have been a period of dynamic change for Sweden, with sharp political shifts occurring against the backdrop of the armed conflict in Europe between Russia and Ukraine. This war severely upset the balance of the Nordic-Baltic region, leading to...

Under the recent Orbán governments (2010 – 2024), Hungary shifted from a fully-fledged democracy to an electoral autocracy. Democratic institutions have been undermined by the ruling party, and state capture has turned them into instruments of the political will of those in...