Which viewpoints are populist?
Populism always reflects an anti-establishment attitude. It is critical of established parties and institutions and, often, the media. In its radical form, populism fundamentally questions the legitimacy of these institutions and wants to overthrow the ruling political parties and radically overhaul the political system; in its more moderate form, it does not completely reject traditional institutions, but criticizes certain aspects which it wants to improve. It also assumes that there is only one will of the people, which should be implemented through the political system and, above all, through more direct democracy. In addition to having anti-establishment attitudes, other characteristics of populist movements are that they emphasize pro-popular-sovereignty and anti-pluralism, and reject pluralistic decision-making and will-building institutions and processes.