Publications

Like other OECD countries, New Zealand has been experiencing high inflation rates due in part to increased government spending during the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chain disruptions, near-full employment and geopolitical conflicts. Although inflation levels in New...

Norway is a consolidated multiparty democracy with a parliamentary constitution, where the rule of law guarantees undamental civil and political rights. Policymaking is transparent, and corruption is minimal.

Denmark’s democracy is robust and is characterized by a high level of political stability. Elections are conducted in an open and democratic manner, and anti-democratic movements remain fringe phenomena.

In December 2023, Poland’s conservative government concluded its de facto eight-year rule, marking the end of a period characterized by profound systemic changes. These changes began with an unprecedented challenge to the state’s foundational principles, resulting in...

In many respects, Estonia has successfully established a sustainable democracy. Civil rights and the rule of law are strong, the plurality of opinion in politics and civil society is effective, and both national and household wealth are increasing over the long term.

The period under review began with developments that gave rise to optimism in Portugal. First, the country entered 2022 as one of the most vaccinated nations in the world against COVID-19, with 83.5% of its population fully vaccinated by January 14, 2022. Second, Portugal...

Affluent democracies that have implemented ambitious, consistent climate frameworks have often also devised effective policies for transitioning to a decarbonized energy system or circular economy.

Despite problems such as the malapportionment of constituencies, hereditary parliamentarism and clientelist practices, Japan remains one of the most advanced and stable democracies in both East Asia and the industrialized world.

Australia brings significant strengths to the challenge of sustainable governance. Many of these strengths derive from its political system, which has a deep grounding in democratic processes, as reflected by invariably free and fair elections and a robust commitment to the...

The report provides an overview of Canada’s governance and policymaking systems across multiple dimensions, including democratic governmental practices and institutions, governance with foresight, and various aspects of economic, social, health, and environmental...