Publications

Europe is losing the IPO race. While the US has recently seen highly prominent listings, Europe has produced few comparable IPOs. The value of European IPOs has dropped significantly over the last decade. But strong public equity markets are key because they provide an...

The EU’s next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) will be negotiated under intense pressure: a tight budget, expanding demands for spending and growing disagreement over the Union’s priorities. This guide explains how the MFF works, clarifies the mechanics of EU budget...

Der nächste Mehrjährige Finanzrahmen (MFR) der Europäischen Union (EU) wird unter enormem Druck verhandelt. Verantwortlich dafür sind vor allem ein knappes Budget, steigende Anforderungen und wachsende Konflikte darüber, welche Prioritäten die Union setzen sollte. Dieser...

The EU’s second Emissions Trading System (ETS2) will apply a uniform carbon price to fossil fuels used in buildings and road transport, affecting around half of the EU’s 188 million house-holds that rely on fossil heating. At a likely entry carbon price of 60 EUR/t CO₂,...

ETS2 will introduce uniform EU-wide carbon pricing for heating, affecting about half of all households across the Union. Using a synthetic EU population of 188 million households, this study shows that most can absorb the additional costs, but a significant minority faces...

The second Trump administration has made a U-turn on industrial policy designed to support decarbonisation,

while making a protectionist trade policy its hallmark. US tariffs make the global trade environment extremely

volatile, while the rollback of generous US...

The new US tariffs are placing significant pressure on Germany and other export-oriented EU economies. In response, the EU is intensifying its efforts to conclude additional trade agreements and to deepen existing ones. However, the expected growth effects remain modest:...