Publications

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, Latvia has experienced significant developments across various sectors, positioning itself as a competitive player on the global stage while addressing substantial internal challenges.

Belgium, a country of 30,689 km² located in northwestern Europe, is densely populated with 11.7 million inhabitants and is very open to the rest of the world. Belgium continuously works to make this openness its strongest asset.

Lithuania’s coalition government faced a challenging environment in 2022 –2024. After coming into power in late 2020, it had to deal immediately with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

After a period of unprecedented turbulence in Austrian politics – including several major scandals and the creation of an all-technocrat government – Austria has more recently found its way back to the calmer waters of stable democratic party governance. However, the...

The two-year review period, 2022 – 2023, largely aligned with the Rutte IV cabinet’s tenure, formed after the longest post-World War II formation period (299 days). Nine months after the 17 March 2021 elections, and almost a year after Rutte III’s resignation, a “new”...

Like other OECD countries, New Zealand has been experiencing high inflation rates due in part to increased government spending during the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chain disruptions, near-full employment and geopolitical conflicts. Although inflation levels in New...

Affluent democracies that have implemented ambitious, consistent climate frameworks have often also devised effective policies for transitioning to a decarbonized energy system or circular economy.

Developments during the review period have confirmed the successful establishment, development, and protection of basic democratic institutions. Procedures for selecting candidates and voting adhere to good international practices, and the government operates with reasonable...

Despite problems such as the malapportionment of constituencies, hereditary parliamentarism and clientelist practices, Japan remains one of the most advanced and stable democracies in both East Asia and the industrialized world.

Australia brings significant strengths to the challenge of sustainable governance. Many of these strengths derive from its political system, which has a deep grounding in democratic processes, as reflected by invariably free and fair elections and a robust commitment to the...